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Country overview

Iran is located in the Middle East, bounded by Turkmenistan and the Caspian Sea, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Oman, Iraq and Turkey. The centre and east of the country is largely barren desert with mountainous regions in the west.

Tehran, the capital, is essentially a modern city, but the best of the old has been preserved. The Shahid Motahari Mosque has eight minarets, from which the city can be viewed. The Bazaar is one of the world's largest. More traditional towns, such as Rey, Varamin, Qazvin and Shemshak are within easy reach of Tehran.

The town of Tabriz is known for its restored blue mosque built in 1465. The covered Qaisariyeh Bazaar dates back to the 15th century. The Golden Triangle is the name popularly given to the region enclosed by the ancient cities of Hamadan, Kermanshahan and Khorrambabad.

For many centuries the Silk Road passed through the pleasant rolling countryside of the region. Local dishes include chelo khoresh (rice topped with vegetables and meat in a nut sauce) and morgh polo (chicken and pilau rice).

 

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Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and the shah was forced into exile. Conservative clerical forces established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority nominally vested in a learned religious scholar. Iranian-US relations have been strained since a group of Iranian students seized the US Embassy in Tehran on 4 November 1979 and held it until 20 January 1981. During 1980-88, Iran fought a bloody, indecisive war with Iraq that eventually expanded into the Persian Gulf and led to clashes between US Navy and Iranian military forces between 1987-1988. Iran has been designated a state sponsor of terrorism for its activities in Lebanon and elsewhere in the world and remains subject to US economic sanctions and export controls because of its continued involvement. Following the elections of a reformist president and Majlis in the late 1990s, attempts to foster political reform in response to popular dissatisfaction floundered as conservative politicians prevented reform measures from being enacted, increased repressive measures, and made electoral gains against reformers. Parliamentary elections in 2004 and the August 2005 inauguration of a conservative stalwart as president, completed the reconsolidation of conservative power in Iran's government.

Related ahmadinejad iranian mahmoud president articles

Iranian President considers sale of stocks to people as fair distribution of wealth (Payvand Iran News)

President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said on Saturday that sale of government stocks to people from all walks of life is the beginning of a major development in the Iranian community and considered it as a measure towards fair distribution of wealth. -IRNA

Iranian researcher develops new method for preparation of metal nanoparticals (Payvand Iran News)

An Iranian researcher succeeded in proposing a new method for the preparation of metal nanoparticals. The Iranian Scientist who is also an associate member of Kashan University of Iran and a researcher of the Electro Chemistry group of Liverpool University in Britain, Dr. Fakhroddin Mirkhalaf succeeded in proposing this method. -ISNA

US curbs hit Iranian businesses (AME Info)

Finance restrictions imposed by the US have made it increasingly difficult for Iranian businesses to conduct transactions, reported Gulf News. International trade partners of Iranian firms require letters of credit from international banks but many institutions, under US pressure, are not keen to provide such guarantees.

Iranian Nuclear Effort Defies U.N. Council Again (Washington Post)

UNITED NATIONS, Oct. 27 -- Iran has once again defied the U.N. Security Council's repeated demands to halt its nuclear activities, firing up a second line of centrifuges to increase its ability to enrich uranium, according to a report by a semiofficial Iranian news agency.

Banned Iranian state newspaper resumes publication (Reuters via Yahoo! Asia News)

TEHRAN (Reuters) - A state-owned Iranian newspaper resumed publication on Saturday, more than five months after it was banned for insulting Iran's Azeri minority.

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