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Country overview

Iran is located in the Middle East, bounded by Turkmenistan and the Caspian Sea, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Oman, Iraq and Turkey. The centre and east of the country is largely barren desert with mountainous regions in the west.

Tehran, the capital, is essentially a modern city, but the best of the old has been preserved. The Shahid Motahari Mosque has eight minarets, from which the city can be viewed. The Bazaar is one of the world's largest. More traditional towns, such as Rey, Varamin, Qazvin and Shemshak are within easy reach of Tehran.

The town of Tabriz is known for its restored blue mosque built in 1465. The covered Qaisariyeh Bazaar dates back to the 15th century. The Golden Triangle is the name popularly given to the region enclosed by the ancient cities of Hamadan, Kermanshahan and Khorrambabad.

For many centuries the Silk Road passed through the pleasant rolling countryside of the region. Local dishes include chelo khoresh (rice topped with vegetables and meat in a nut sauce) and morgh polo (chicken and pilau rice).

 

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Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and the shah was forced into exile. Conservative clerical forces established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority nominally vested in a learned religious scholar. Iranian-US relations have been strained since a group of Iranian students seized the US Embassy in Tehran on 4 November 1979 and held it until 20 January 1981. During 1980-88, Iran fought a bloody, indecisive war with Iraq that eventually expanded into the Persian Gulf and led to clashes between US Navy and Iranian military forces between 1987-1988. Iran has been designated a state sponsor of terrorism for its activities in Lebanon and elsewhere in the world and remains subject to US economic sanctions and export controls because of its continued involvement. Following the elections of a reformist president and Majlis in the late 1990s, attempts to foster political reform in response to popular dissatisfaction floundered as conservative politicians prevented reform measures from being enacted, increased repressive measures, and made electoral gains against reformers. Parliamentary elections in 2004 and the August 2005 inauguration of a conservative stalwart as president, completed the reconsolidation of conservative power in Iran's government.

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Japan Seeks Oil Security in Iraq, Indonesia After Iran Setback (Bloomberg.com)

Oct. 27 (Bloomberg) -- Japan, dependent on imports for 99 percent of its oil and gas, may turn to Iraq and Indonesia after it lost control of Iran's biggest untapped field.

Japan seeks oil security in Iraq after Iran setback (IranMania.com)

LONDON, October 27 (IranMania) - Japan, dependent on imports for 99% of its oil and gas, may turn to Iraq and Indonesia after it lost control of Iran's biggest untapped field, IRNA reported.

Iran starts up second nuclear fuel network: ISNA (Reuters via Yahoo! News)

Iran has started enriching uranium in a second experimental network of centrifuges, Iran's student news agency ISNA said on Friday, expanding a program which the West fears is intended to make nuclear bombs.

Iran Oil Clients To Get Less Oil In Nov - OPEC Governor (Nasdaq)

LONDON -(Dow Jones)- Iran's oil customers will receive less oil in November as part of OPEC's recent decision to lower production by 1.2 million barrels-a-day, the country's governor to the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries said Wednesday.

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